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HJORCHBEARERS 



THE 

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Book vi^h 

Copyright N° 



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TORCHBEARERS ON THE KING'S 
HIGHWAY 



TORCHBEARERS 



ON THE 



KING'S HIGHWAY 



BY 

KATE HARPER HAYWOOD 

Teacher of Missions in St. Stephen's Church School, Lynn, Mass. 



With Prefactory Note By 
REV. EVERETT P. SMITH 

Educational Secretary of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society 



''As one lamp lights another, nor grows less, 
So noblenees enkindleth nobleness.'' 1 



MILWAUKEE 
THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN CO. 

1909 



0^ 

AP 



COPYRIGHT BY 

THE YOUNG CHURCHMAN CO. 
1909 



LIBRARY of CONGRESS 

Two Cocis 

APR 7 1309 

CLASS 

Z3 






COPY 



Contents 



Prefatory Note vii 

The First Church in the Xew World - - - - 2 

Robert Hunt 

From Slave Lad to Bishop -------- 5 

Samuel Adjai Croiother 

In the Land of the Dragon 8 

William Jones Boone 

Winning Against Odds - - 12 

Samuel Isaac Joseph Scheresschewsky 

Following the Frontier 16 

Jackson Kemper 

Helping Hiawatha's People ------- 19 

Henry Benjamin Whipple 

Athlete and Bishop - - - 22 

Peter Trimble Rowe 

A Bright Lad in a Dark Land -------26 

David Livingstone 

Buying a Eoad with his Life - - 31 

James Hannington 

The White Man of Work --- 35 

Alexander M. Mackay 

The Master of the "Southern Cross" - - - - 38 

John Coleridge Patteson 

The Machinery of Missions --43 

With Note Book Outline 

APPENDICES. 

A. Topics for Eeview - - - 47 

B. Suggestions to Teachers 51 

C. Eeference Books for Teachers 55 

D. Supplementary Reading for Children - - - 56 



TO THE 

REV. ERNEST JOSEPH DENNEN, 

Rector of St. Stephen's Church, Lynn, Massachusetts 

At whose suggestion this work was undertaken and through whose 
encouragement and assistance it has reached its present form. 



Prefactory Note 



For those who have been in the habit of telling mis- 
sionary stories to children, this book needs no recommenda- 
tion, but speaks for itself and furnishes valuable material 
for such a purpose. For those who have not tried biog- 
raphy, we can recommend it with pleasure because it will 
open to them a new and fascinating avenue of approach 
to the enthusiasm and Christian loyalty of boys and girls, 
and so aid in the hastening of God's Kingdom on earth. 

Church Missions House, Everett P. Smith,, 
Epiphany, 1909. Educational Secretary. 



Missionaries and Missions 

We are going to think about some good and brave men 
who have gone out from their homes as missionaries. These 
men have had many interesting and exciting adventures, 
and some day I hope you will want to learn more about 
them than there is time for in these stories. But before 
we begin to learn about them, let us think for a moment 
what is meant by the words missionary and missions. 

You know how God sent His Son into the world, to 
teach people of their Heavenly Father's love. So we may 
think about the Lord Jesus as the First Missionary, because 
the words means someone who is sent. We know that He 
spent His life in doing good, and in teaching people how 
to show their love for God by helping each other, or, as 
our catechism puts it, "Their duty toward God, and their 
duty toward their neighbor." 

When St. Luke sums up our Lord's life, he speaks of 
"all the things which Jesus began to do and to teach." 
So it seems plain that when the Saviour, just before He 
was taken from their sight, charged His disciples to "go, 
teach all nations," He meant that His followers should 
carry on what He had begun. 

Now missions means the whole matter of sending mis- 
sionaries, raising money to support them, and teaching 
the people at home about their work. 

The missionary message is this: "God so loved the 
world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoso- 
ever believeth in Him, should not perish, but have ever- 
lasting life." 

Every one of us, large and small, can help in sending 
this message, by praying for missions, learning about mis- 
sions, and giving for missions. 

1 



The First Church in the New World 

EOBEET HUNT. 
Died 1610. 

About three hundred years ago, on New Year's Day 
1607, three ships, the Discovery, the Godspeed, and 
the Susan Constant, sailed away from England under 
command of Captain Christopher Newport. Besides the 
crews, they bore a little band of 105 men, sent out by the 
London Company to make a home for themselves in the 
New World, but they knew they should find no white men 
there — only Indians, and no towns except the Indian vil- 
lages, although Sir Walter Ealeigh had already visited the 
newly discovered county, and named it Virginia. 

They expected to find gold and precious stones, and 
perhaps the short route to India, for which all the explor- 
ers since Columbus had been looking. 

There were men of different trades in that company. 
Some were brave men, fond of adventure, like Captain 
John Smith ; and there was one whom we are to remember, 
the Eev. Eobert Hunt, a clergyman of the English Church, 
who for more than a year had been thinking of going, and 
had at last decided to go with the party and give them 
the blessing and comfort of the Church in the wilderness 
where they were to live. They called him an "honest, 
courageous, and religious" man, and I am sure he must 
have needed all his courage during the hard years that 
were coming. 

For four months their ships were tossed by wind and 
storm, and so glad were they to reach smooth seas, 
that they called the first land they saw Point Comfort, in 
what is now Hampton Eoads. They sailed up the river, 

2 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

which the) 7 called James, in honor of their King, and chose 
a landing place on a neck of land running into deep water, 
where they could moor their ships to the trees. This they 
named Jamestown. 

They landed on Wednesday, and on Thursday they 
made a fort, like a triangle, with a cannon at each angle. 
Then they made ready for their Church service on Sunday, 
and how do you think they did it ? They hung up an old 
sail and tied it to the trees to keep off sun or rain. The 
pulpit was a bar of wood between two trees, and the seats 
were logs rolled into place. 

It was the Sunday after Ascension Day, and Eobert 
Hunt read from the Prayer Book the same service which 
was being read in the beautiful cathedrals and village 
churches of the home land, and preached to them from 
the rough pulpit just as earnestly, no doubt, as he ever had 
in England. 

Captain Smith tells us that "this was our church till 
we built a homely thing, like a barne, set upon cratchets, 
covered with rafts, sedge, and earth." There they had ser- 
vice each morning and evening, with two sermons on Sun- 
day and Holy Communion every three months. 

As time went on they had to bear many hardships. The 
food which they had brought was almost gone, the water 
of the river was salt, and though they had fish and oysters, 
and some corn, there was little else. Many of the men be- 
came ill, and all were often hungry. Sometimes they quar- 
reled, and then the good minister acted as peacemaker. 
He comforted them in illness, helped them in their need, 
and when they died, as over fifty of them did, he gave them 
Christian burial. 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Another ship arrived after a time, bringing some 
women among its passengers. One of them, Ann Burras, 
was married soon after by Master Hunt, as his people 
called him. This was the first Christian marriage in this 
country. 

It was in the second year that Captain Smith explored 
the Chickahominy and was captured by the Indians. We 
all know the story of the Chief Powhatan and his daugh- 
ter, Pocohontas, who saved Smith's life, and was such a 
good friend to the settlers afterwards. 

When, a dozen years later, Pocahontas was baptized 
and married to John Eolfe, it was in the church at James- 
town, but not in the same building described by John 
Smith as the "homely thing like a barne," for that had been 
burned down and a better building erected in its place. 
The tower of that building still stands, and it was in the 
restored church that the 300th anniversary of the founding 
of Jamestown was celebrated in 1907. When the first 
church was burned, Master Hunt lost everything, and Cap- 
tain Smith wrote that no one ever heard him complain. 

The third winter was the hardest of all for the colony, 
and is known as the Starving Time. Of five hundred 
people, only sixty lived until spring. Master Hunt, having 
helped and comforted the others, died from privation. 

His work in Virginia lasted only three years, but they 
were years that proved his goodness and courage, and Eob- 
ert Hunt and his people are to be remembered as the first 
to establish regular religious services in this country. 



From Slave Lad to Bishop 

SAMUEL ADJAI CEOWTHEE. 

1808-1891. 

A good many years ago there lived in Africa a little 
black boy named Adjai. He lived with his father and 
mother and sisters and brother in a hut made of bamboo 
sticks, and roofed with straw, and all the other people 
lived in huts like it. You would have thought them very 
queer people if you had gone into the village some day, 
for they did not wear clothes like yours, and their customs 
were very different. They would probably have thought 
you equally queer, for I don't suppose they had ever seen 
a white child in their lives. 

One of the saddest things about them was that they had 
never heard about God, or the little Christ Child whose 
birth we celebrate on Christmas Day. And so they some- 
times did cruel things, and those who lived in different vil- 
lages often fought together, and many people were carried 
off to be sold as slaves. 

When little Adjai was eleven years old, a dreadful thing 
happened to him. One night there was a great noise of 
fighting in the village, and as his father ran out of the hut 
to protect his family, he was killed. The mother tried to 
escape with her children, but they were caught and 
marched off with many others in a long line, fastened to- 
gether so that no one could get away. When at last, after 
a long and weary tramp, they reached the coast, the little 
family were separated and poor little Adjai was carried 
on board a ship with many others, and packed in the dark 
hold under the decks. Can't you imagine how sad and 
frightened he was, with no mother to comfort him ? 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

After several days they heard a great noise overhead, 
and I suppose they were more frightened than ever, for 
no one knew what might be going to happen now. How 
relieved they must have been when the hatches or doors to 
the hold were opened, and kind faced men brought food 
and comfort to them ! Then they learned that the slave 
ship had been captured by a British war vessel and that 
they were to be freed and taken to a mission station in 
Sierra Leone, where they would be safe. 

Here the little Adjai was put into school with many 
other boys and was soon one of the best pupils in his class. 
Here, too, he learned about God, and that the people who 
were so kind to him were doing it for Jesus' sake. And 
when he was fifteen he was baptized and became "Christ's 
faithful soldier and servant." At his baptism he took the 
name of Samuel Adjai Crowther. 

In the same school was a little girl who had been res- 
cued from another slave ship, and she was baptized Su- 
sanna. Some years later, after Samuel Adjai had been to 
college and had begun to teach in school, he and Susanna 
were married, and she proved a great help to him in his 
work for others. 

All this time there had been growing in his heart a de- 
sire to go back to the place where he was born, to teach and 
help his own people. Probably he often thought about his 
mother, and the sisters and brother from whom he had 
been so cruelly parted. At all events, he decided to be- 
come a minister, so he went to England to study for it, and 
after his ordination he went back to his own part of Africa 
and started his work there. It was twenty-five years since 
that dreadful night when he had been carried away, and he 
found many more people there, some of them Christians 

6 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

who had come from a place where the missionaries had 
been, and these made him welcome and were glad to listen 
to him. 

Now I wonder if you can guess what I am going to tell 
you about a very joyful thing that happened after he had 
been there a few weeks? One day he was preaching, and 
after he had finished he saw an old woman sitting near, 
and going up to her, he spoke in his kindly way, asking 
about her life. You can imagine his feelings when she 
began to tell him of her troubles, and especially of how 
her little boy had been carried away from her so many years 
before. He scarcely needed to ask the boy's name, but 
when she said Adjai, he knew that he had at last found his 
mother. How happy she must have been when she found 
that this good man was her own son ! His sisters and 
brother were living with her, so the family were all united 
after the long separation. What a joy it must have been 
to his loving heart that his mother was one of the first 
people he baptized in this mission ! 

As years went on a great honor came to him, for he was 
made the first Bishop of the Niger. He lived to be a very 
old man and did great work for his people, starting mis- 
sions, travelling up and down the river in a canoe, visiting 
his people, opening schools, and urging them to stop their 
cruel customs and to take up farming and trading. Be- 
sides all his preaching and teaching, he translated the Bible 
into the native languages. To-day that part of Africa is 
very different, and a much happier place, on account of the 
life and work of Bishop Samuel Adjai Crowther. 



In the Land of the Dragon 

WILLIAM JONES BOONE. 
1811-1864. 

A good many years ago, before China was open to for- 
eigners, a young lawyer of South Carolina was studying for 
the ministry, and feeling a great desire to go out to that 
vast Empire to teach his heathen brothers that God loved 
them. He had read about their need of the missionary 
message, of their living in constant fear of evil spirits, and 
of how this fear drove them into many cruel customs. He 
realized, too, how little they knew about caring for the sick 
and the needless suffering among them which a Christian 
physician could relieve. 

He knew how they worshipped at the shrines of their 
fathers and grandfathers, and copied anything that was old, 
no matter whether it was good or not; and that for this 
reason they hated foreigners and tried to keep them out of 
the country. 

Because of this he asked to be sent to China, since he 
also knew how much the story of their Heavenly Father's 
love would help them if he could once get them to hear it. 

His name was William Jones Boone, and he afterwards 
became the first Bishop of China. 

His is a good missionary name to remember, for one of 
his sons in after years was the fourth Bishop of China, 
while another became head of the medical department of 
St. John's University in Shanghai. Boone College in 
Wuchang preserves the memory of our brave pioneer. 

But that is getting ahead of the story. 

Our own Church had already sent out two young men, 
but they had been obliged to stay on the island of Java, 

8 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

on account of the laws against foreigners and against 
Christian teaching. 

Mr. Boone's friends had tried hard to persuade him not 
to go. One of them said: "You can't go. China isn't 
open. It isn't possible !" To which he instantly replied : 
"If by going to China and staying all my life, I could but 
oil the hinges of the door, so that the next man who comes 
would be able to get in, I should be glad to go." 

Before his ordination he took a medical course, that he 
might be able to help those who suffered from illness. 

In 1837 he was married, and sailed with his wife for 
Java shortly after. It was a long journey of a hundred 
and six days, and when he reached the island he found, to 
his disappointment, that Mr. Hanson, one of the young men 
already there, was obliged to leave on account of his health. 

The other, Mr. Lockwood, remained with them, teach- 
ing native boys for two years, when he was also obliged to 
return home. 

This left Dr. and Mrs. Boone alone with all the work of 
teaching, studying the language, preaching, and healing 
the sick. 

They soon found it wiser to move the school to Macao, 
where the climate did not affect them so badly. 

In 1842 the Chinese government opened five treaty 
ports to foreigners, and at last the door to China seemed 
to swing back a little way upon its hinges. The mission 
was again moved, this time to Amoy, and Dr. Boone wrote 
home asking for helpers. 

No one answered the call, and they toiled on alone, 
until Mrs. Boone died, and it became necessary for her 
husband to take his motherless children to America. 

While he was in this country he tried to get people in- 

9 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

terested in China, and succeeded so well that six persons 
volunteered to go, and enough money was promised for 
their support. 

The Board of Missions now felt that the time had come 
for a Bishop to be appointed to care for the mission, and 
that Dr. Boone was the proper man for the office. 

Accordingly he was consecrated in Philadelphia on 
October 25th, 1844, and soon after was married. In De- 
cember Bishop and Mrs. Boono, with the new missionaries, 
sailed for China. 

With them was a Chinese lad named Wong, who had 
gone with Dr. Boone to America. This lad is worth know- 
ing. During the four months' voyage he had decided to 
become a Christian, but on landing he went to his home at 
some distance, and the Bishop lost sight of him for several 
months. One day a forlorn, half-starved figure appeared 
at the mission. It was Wong, and his story was a sad one. 
His parents had been very angry and had ordered him to 
give up his faith. 

When he refused he had been shut up, beaten, and 
starved until he managed to escape. Mr. Wong afterward 
became the first native clergyman of the mission, and his 
children are among our honored workers. 

But to return to Bishop Boone. He had settled at 
Shanghai instead of Amoy, and there the mission has ever 
since remained. 

He led a very busy life, teaching the language to the 
new missionaries, getting a boys' school started, translating 
and writing books, besides preaching, and planning for the 
work. 

As new helpers and new gifts came from the Church 
at home, the work was extended, and a school was opened 

10 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

for girls. The Chinese had not thought it worth while to 
teach girls anything, so they had had no school of their 
own. 

Although the door of China had swung back upon its 
hinges, it often swung shut for a time, and the mission- 
aries went through many trials. 

There were riots, in which the buildings were destroyed, 
and sometimes the lives of the missionaries were in danger. 
Illness often forced the workers to return home, and even 
sent the Bishop away for a time. 

During our Civil War almost no money was sent to 
them, and some of the work had to be given up. 

Through these hard days Mr. Wong was a tower of 
strength. His faithful service lasted all his life, and made 
him respected and loved by all. 

It is not strange that all the care and anxiety of these 
troublous times should have broken down the Bishop's 
health. After laboring twenty-seven years for China, he 
died in July, 1864, mourned by the Chinese Christians and 
the foreign residents, no less than by the staff of the mis- 
sion. 



11 



Winning Against Odds 

SAMUEL ISAAC JOSEPH SCHEKESCHEWSKY. 
1831-1906. 

Years ago, across the sea in Poland, there grew up a lit- 
tle Jewish boy who was to become one of the heroes of the 
Cross. His name was Samuel Isaac Joseph Schere- 
schewsky. Though the family was poor, the boy was sent 
to school and to the university, because his father wanted 
him to be a rabbi, or teacher. 

It was part of the boy's education to study the Old 
Testament very thoroughly. It was the history, and con- 
tained much of the literature, of his nation. He under- 
stood so well all the promises in it that when, at the uni- 
versity, the New Testament came into his hands, he 
understood that these promises had been kept by the com- 
ing of Jesus on earth as the Christ. 

He came to America and was welcomed by some other 
Polish Christians, and after a short time he decided to 
study for the ministry. It was while he was in the Gen- 
eral Seminary in New York that William J. Boone was 
appointed as first Bishop of China and was looking for 
helpers to take up Christian work. 

Bishop Boone sailed for Shanghai in 1859, and one of 
the eight missionaries who sailed with him was the schol- 
arly Christian Jew, Mr. Schereschewsky. 

During the long voyage Bishop Boone gave him lessons 
in Chinese, and, as he had a special gift for languages, he 
soon learned to speak and write Chinese. The Bishop 
saw that this gift would make him unusually valuable as 
a translator, and therefore sent him to Pekin, to make him- 

12 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

self perfect in the Mandarin, or official, language of the 
country. 

For you must understand that the 25,000 characters 
do not present the only difficulty to the student of Chinese. 
That is hard enough. But the Mandarin spoken at Pekin 
is not commonly used at Shanghai. More than that, the 
dialect used in business and every-day affairs is not that 
used by well educated people in their books. This literary, 
or book-language, is called Wenli and is used everywhere 
throughout the Chinese Empire. 

Mr. Schereschewsky, together with Bishop Burdon of 
the English Church, made a translation of the New Testa- 
ment into Mandarin, and afterward by himself he trans- 
lated the Old Testament from the original Hebrew, a task 
on which he spent eight years. This Mandarin Bible is 
used by both the English and American Bible Societies. 

Meanwhile, he was doing other missionary work. He 
had bought a heathen temple and turned it into a church 
and preached to the natives round about. His wife, who 
had been one of the mission teachers, was carrying on a 
successful day school. 

In 1875 he returned to America for a rest, and while 
here it became necessary to appoint a new Bishop for 
China. The Board of Missions asked him to take the 
office, but he declined. On being asked again the next 
year, however, he accepted, and was consecrated in Grace 
Church, New York, in October, 1877. He sailed at once 
for China. 

Eealizing the need of educational work he had col- 
lected money for a college from friends in America. On 
reaching Shanghai he bought an estate of thirteen acres, 
five miles out of the city. On this "compound" there are 

13 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway, 

now many buildings, for St. John's University is one of 
the finest colleges in China, with schools of science, medi- 
cine, and theology. Besides the college buildings there are 
St. Mary's Hall, a school for girls, St. Mary's Orphanage, 
and a Church Training School for Women. And now 
we come to the most wonderful and heroic part of the story. 
In 1881 Bishop Schereschewsky had a sunstroke which 
brought on an illness resulting in paralysis. When he 
found that he could never walk or help himself again, he 
resigned his bishopric and came back to America. 

He had said that while he resigned as Bishop, he wished 
it to be distinctly understood that he did not intend to re- 
sign as a missionary. 

But how could a man do missionary work when he was 
almost helpless? He could, to be sure, use one finger of 
each hand ; but how much could two fingers do ? 

Well, this is what he did. He knew that his Mandarin 
Bible would be read by the common people of China, but 
that if he could make a translation into Wenli, or book- 
language, it would be read by the students and literary 
people. This would have been a great undertaking for a 
well man, and seemed almost impossible for a helpless 
invalid. 

With undaunted courage he came to Cambridge, Mass., 
and began the work. He could not speak clearly enough 
for a Chinese secretary to understand him, so with the 
typewriter and his two fingers he spelled out the sounds of 
the Chinese words. 

For nine years he toiled patiently on, sometimes too 
weak to push the keys except with a stick fastened to his 
hand. 

14 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Then he asked to be sent to China to oversee the print- 
ing of the book. Finding that the work could be more 
cheaply done in Japan, however, he went later to Tokio. 

There he worked eight hours a day in his study, reading 
from his typewriter sounds, which his native helpers put 
into Chinese characters. 

His great desire to live to complete the work was 
granted, for it was practically finished, when, in Septem- 
ber, 1906, he was called to his rest. 

Twenty-five years this brave invalid had spent in his 
chair, and yet had accomplished more than many strong 
men. 



15 



Following the Frontier 

JACKSON KEMPER 

1789-1870. 

The life of Jackson Kemper, our first Missionary 
Bishop, is closely interwoven with the history of our coun- 
try. Born in New York on Christmas Eve of 1789, the 
first year of Washington's presidency, he graduated from 
Columbia College, the valedictorian of the class of 1809, 
and was ordered deacon two years later by Bishop White 
of Pennsylvania, one of the first three Bishops of the 
American Church. 

Soon after the War of 1812 broke out, the young dea- 
con was asked by the newly formed Society for the Ad- 
vancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania to make a jour- 
ney into the western part of the state, to learn what could 
be done for the Church in the smaller places and the new 
settlements. 

Ever since the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the frontier 
had been moving rapidly westward. Ohio was already a 
state, while adventurous settlers were pushing on into what 
is now Indiana. Life in these frontier settlements was 
very rough, roads were bad, and travelling slow and 
difficult. 

Kemper made this journey a dozen years before the 
first railroad was built in America, and though Fulton had 
proved, five years earlier, that a boat could be propelled 
by steam, it was not yet a common mode of travel. Driv- 
ing from point to point, our missionary explorer reached 
Pittsburgh in a month, and continuing his journey, crossed 
the state line into Virginia. On his return he made a re- 
port to the Society, and in August, 1814, the month when 

16 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

the British sacked and burned the city of Washington, 
Kemper undertook a second visitation. This time he went 
as far as the northeastern part of Ohio. He found Church 
people "scattered like sheep in a wilderness." Many of 
these he gathered into congregations, giving them what 
services he could and baptizing all who desired it. 

By 1825, when Bishop White made a journey to Pitts- 
burgh with Kemper, the Missionary Society had estab- 
lished stations in Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and in 
1834 Kemper went "to the remotest west" to visit the 
Indian Mission at Green Bay, on the western shore of 
Lake Michigan. At that time Chicago was a newly built 
town of a few houses. 

The year 1835 is an important one in our Church 
history, for in that year the General Convention took up 
foreign mission work and also appointed Jackson Kemper 
as first Missionary Bishop. 

His jurisdiction was a very indefinite one because the 
country was growing so fast and new territory was con- 
tinually being opened up. He first travelled through In- 
diana, where he found one missionary but no church build- 
ing. In Missouri, on the contrary, he found one church 
but no clergyman. He also went into Iowa and what is 
now Kansas, then a part of the great tract known as 
Indian Territory. 

He wrote of one of his trips: "Shall I tell you how 
we were benighted and how we lost our way, of the deep 
creeks we forded and the bad bridges we crossed, how 
we were drenched to the skin, and how we waded for half 
an hour in a slough? But these events were matters of 
course." In letters to his family he pictures himself shak- 

17 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

ing with cold while eating in a wretched cabin without 
windows, with the door left open for light. 

The few people were very poor. Once he drove twenty 
miles in a snow-storm without seeing a house. At night 
he was glad to share with eleven others the shelter of a 
one-room log cabin. He described the way he dressed to 
keep from freezing. "I have on thick blue cloth leggings, 
buffalo moccasins over waterproof boots, a lion-skin great- 
coat with collar turned up, a handkerchief around it to 
keep it tight, and another handkerchief around my ears." 

As fast as a diocese could be formed, a Bishop was 
consecrated for it, leaving Kemper to give his attention to 
still newer points. In 1859, however, shortly before his 
seventieth birthday, he resigned as Missionary Bishop, 
keeping only the care of Wisconsin. He made to the Gen- 
eral Convention a report of his twenty-four years of labor, 
in the course of which he had travelled through Indiana, 
Missouri, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, and partly 
through Kansas and Nebraska. During that time six dio- 
ceses had been organized within his original territory. 

The mission field now extended to the Eocky Moun- 
tains, and Bishop Joseph C. Talbot, to whom it was en- 
trusted, used laughingly to call himself the "Bishop of All 
Out-Doors." 

For ten years more Bishop Kemper lived in Wisconsin, 
loved and respected by all classes. In spite of past hard- 
ships, his health was remarkable. In 1868, when nearly 
79, he attended the General Convention in New York, and 
the following year presided over that of his own diocese. 

His peaceful death at 80 was a fitting close to a long 
and useful life, and the name of Jackson Kemper will 
always be held in grateful remembrance by the Church 
in the Middle West. 

18 



Helping Hiawatha's People 

HENRY BENJAMIN WHIPPLE. 
1822-1901. 

Henry Benjamin Whipple was chosen as the first 
Bishop of Minnesota in 1859, a year after that state had 
been admitted to the Union, and when it contained many 
more Indians than it has now, and fewer white people. 
The white people did not all live in towns, but there were 
many lonely farm houses and little villages scattered over 
the miles of prairie. Every year Bishop Whipple drove 
thousands of miles over these prairie roads to visit his 
people. He had a pair of horses, one of which, named 
Bashaw, was very intelligent and often saved his master's 
life when he was lost in the prairie storms. 

Sometimes he had to drive twenty or thirty miles to 
hold a service, baptize a child, or to visit a sick person. 
He wrote a book about his work and in it he tells about 
starting one day to visit an Indian mission. A man ad- 
vised him not to go because there was a snow storm coming 
on, and he would have to drive twenty-three miles without 
passing a house. But the Bishop said, "I have told the 
Indians that I would come. If I am not there they will 
think I do not tell the truth. I can tell the road by the 
grass which grows beside it." So he put plenty of fur 
robes into his sleigh, wrapped up warmly, and started. 
After a time the snow began to fall and the road was cov- 
ered. He found that the grass had been burned over so 
there was nothing to guide him. He got off the beaten 
track and could not find it in the blinding snow. Then 
he put the reins over the dashboard, said his prayers, and 
covered himself up under the robes to keep from freezing. 

19 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

He let the horses go as they would, and after a while they 
stopped short. The Bishop jumped out and found that 
Bashaw had struck an Indian foot path which was worn 
deep in the prairie. By following this he at length reached 
the shelter of the mission in safety. 

If you have read about Hiawatha, you may remember 
that Bishop Whipple's Indians lived "in the land of the 
Ojibways" and of the Dacotahs or Sioux. These tribes 
fought with each other, as well as with the white settlers, 
and so there were soldiers at Fort Snelling to keep them in 
order. The Bishop used to preach to the soldiers and they 
counted him as their good friend. He wrote many letters 
to the President and law-makers at Washington, and went 
there himself to plead with the Government to be just to 
the Indians. He also tried to teach the Indians to keep 
the white man's laws and do no harm to the soldiers or the 
settlers. The Indians trusted him because they said he was 
their friend and "did not have a forked tongue." By this 
they meant that he always told them the truth. 

One of his helpers was an Ojibway clergyman named 
Enmegahbowh, who was a faithful missionary for forty 
years. He was a remarkable man, and many interesting 
stories are told about him. 

Bishop Whipple started a school for boys, one for girls, 
and one for Indians, near his Cathedral at Faribault. 

One Sunday he saw a little Indian boy about ten years 
old sitting on the chancel steps. The boy had a painted 
face and was wrapped in a blanket, but he was listening 
very attentively to the service. The Bishop talked with 
him and sent him to the school, where he afterward bap- 
tized him George Whipple St. Clair. When this boy grew 
up he became the first Sioux clergyman in Minnesota. 

20 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

As the Indians became Christians, built themselves 
houses, and tried to live more like white people, one of the 
missionaries, Miss Sibyl Carter, began to teach the women 
to make lace, that they might learn to support themselves. 
These lace schools have been a great help to the work. 

Bishop Whipple was ever the friend of the Indians and 
tried to defend them from those who tried to cheat them. 
As he grew older he sometimes had to stop work and go 
away for a rest ; but wherever he went he was not ashamed 
of his Indian friends and he never was too tired or too far 
away to stand up for them. He was Bishop of Minnesota 
for forty-two years. 



21 



Athlete and Bishop 

PETER TRIMBLE ROWE. 
Born 1856. 

When the Church decided, in 1895, to send a Bishop to 
Alaska, they chose a man who had already shown that he 
knew how to "endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus 
Christ." His first work had been among the Ojibway 
Indians along the northern shore of Lake Huron. These 
Indians lived long distances apart and in winter he made 
the journey from village to village on snow-shoes, often 
camping in the snow at night. 

He was their good friend, helping them in many ways 
and showing them how to serve God. 

Later he went to live at Sault Ste Marie, or, as the 
people say, "the Soo," and there he went about the lumber 
camps, just as he had gone to the Indian villages, to help 
and teach and comfort the men who needed him. The 
lumbermen all loved and respected him, for he could use 
an axe or steer a boat with the best of them, and he was 
always brave and kind. 

His name was Peter Trimble Rowe, and when he was 
elected first Bishop of Alaska, one of his friends said : "He 
is going to about the hardest field to which the Church can 
send him, but he has earned the privilege of hard work." 

The Alaska Indians, like the Ojibways on Lake Huron, 
soon learned to know and trust and love the tall, strong 
man who came to help and advise them and to be their 
Father in God. 

As one of them said one day : "Indian not know what to 
do. Wait Bishop Rowe. He tell something. What he 
say, Indian do. Bishop own all river." 

22 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway, 

He had not been there very long when some white men 
came to Alaska and found gold mines there. Very soon 
crowds of people came on every steamer to dig for gold. 
Mining camps quickly grew into rough towns and men 
seemed to forget God, who had made the gold and given 
them strength to find it. 

The cold and the snow and darkness and lack of good 
food and the hard work often made the men very ill, so the 
Bishop wrote for money to build churches and hospitals, 
and for ministers, doctors, and nurses to work in them. 

He travelled about from camp to camp, sometimes by 
boat or canoe, sometimes on snow-shoes with his dog team 
and his loaded sledge, often spending several days "on the 
trail." Once he went up a river on the ice with a pack of 
howling wolves racing with him on the shore. 

He is still brave and strong and kind, and the miners 
love and respect him, just as the "Soo" lumbermen did. 
They believe what he says, for they have found that he 
knows and does many things better than they. 

Two stories will show what some of these things were : 

Once, in winter, when the Bishop was far up on the 
Yukon, he heard news that made him sure that Valdez 
would grow into a large town and the Church ought to get 
there first. 

But Valdez, on the coast, was hundreds of miles away 
across the mountains. The weather was bad and the trail 
was worse. His friends said, "You will never reach the 
coast alive." In spite of this he started, but in a few days 
the man he took with him grew so tired that the Bishop 
sent him back, and found an Indian to take his place. The 
travelling was so hard that soon the Indian had to give up. 
The Bishop found a shelter for him and went on alone. 

23 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Then he met a party of Indians with no food. He gave 
them most of his provisions and hurried on, for he had kept 
only enough for a few meals. The next day he thought 
he saw a man far ahead, sitting in the snow, warming his 
hands over a fire; but when he came nearer he saw that the 
fire was out and the man was frozen to death. 

His provisions gave out, and by the time he reached 
Valdez, almost worn out, he had had nothing to eat for a 
day and a half. He had done what everyone considered 
impossible, and the Church had a chance to grow with the 
town. 

This is the other story. Years ago, when the rush into 
the Klondike was beginning, the Bishop walked over the 
mountain pass and overtook a great many miners building 
small boats while they waited for the ice on the river to 
melt and float them down to the gold country. They liked 
the Bishop, and offered to help him with his boat after they 
had finished their own. But he cut down trees, sawed them 
into boards, nailed them together, finished his boat first, 
and was ready to help them with theirs. When the ice 
broke up the rapids were so dangerous that unless the boats 
could be steered in just the right channel, they would be 
wrecked. One of the men had been down the channel, 
but they asked the Bishop to pick out the way. The other 
boats followed his and he led them safely down the river. 

In ways like this he has kept on doing hard work and 
brave work with the miners, but also doing good work and 
helpful work for everybody. 

One other story, to show that he is the children's 
Bishop, too. There are not many white children in Alaska, 
but a good many Indian ones, and some of these are being 
taught in our mission schools. One summer the Bishop 

24 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

was drifting down the Yukon on a scow loaded with lumber 
and supplies. With him were three little Indian children 
whom he was taking to the school at Anvik. A fierce storm 
came up and the scow was driven ashore. He said that the 
children got very wet and cold, but they made no com- 
plaint, only crept close to him and looking into his face 
said the two Indian words which mean "My father !" 

In 1907 the Church elected him Bishop of Western 
Colorado, hoping the climate might be less hard for him, 
but he refused to leave his people in Alaska while he had 
strength to go on with his work. 

All this work and travelling and building and nursing 
and teaching take a great deal of money, and Bishop Bowe 
needs all that we can send him; but more than all else he 
needs men — strong, fearless, kind men like himself, who 
are ready to say, "Here am I, send me." 



25 



A Bright Lad in a Dark Land 

DAVID LIVINGSTONE. 
1813-1873. 

When your grandfathers went to school and studied 
geography, their maps of Africa did not look like yours, 
for there was a great space of plain color, marked "unex- 
plored territory," which meant that no white man had ever 
travelled through it, and that people knew nothing about 
it, except that there were jungles and forests, with tribes of 
wild black men and many fierce animals. On the coast were 
white people who lived in towns, and among them were 
missionaries who tried to reach some of these wild men and 
tell them about God and His love for them. One of these 
missionaries, Mr. Moffatt, went to England for a visit, and 
while there he met a young Scotchman named David Liv- 
ingstone. You must remember this name, for it is a very 
famous one. 

David Livingstone was a poor boy and had to leave 
school to go to work when he was very young; but he 
kept up his studies just the same until he knew a great 
deal. 

You know what is meant by the missionary spirit, the 
desire of a loving heart to carry the missionary message, 
and tell our heathen brothers and sisters that they are 
God's dear children and have a right to share our blessings. 

This young man had that missionary spirit very 
strongly, and when he heard Mr. Moffatt say that one could 
see in the morning sun the smoke of a thousand villages 
where no missionary had ever been, he decided to give his 
life to those black people. It took him a good while to get 
ready, for he first studied medicine that he might help 

26 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

their bodies as well as their souls. He also had to carry 
with him food, cloth, and all sorts of supplies, besides 
calico and beads, with which to trade with the natives. 
The story of his life after he landed in Africa is one of 
the most interesting stories of adventure, and it would 
take many hours to tell half the brave and wonderful 
things he did. I can hint at a few of them only, such as 
his rescuing a little girl who was being carried off as a 
slave ; or his cutting a way through the dense jungle with 
his hands scratched and bleeding; or his fight with the 
lion that bit his arm until the bone snapped, and would 
have killed him but for one of the native young men he 
had trained, who shot the fierce beast just in time. Long 
afterwards some one asked him what he thought when the 
lion jumped upon him. He smiled and said, "I wondered 
what part of me he would eat first." 

He landed in Cape Town, in South Africa, and worked 
his way north, making friends with the natives, preparing 
maps and reports of this unknown country to send home, 
and, as he said, making a way for other missionaries to 
follow. After awhile he took some men of a friendly 
tribe with him to the West Coast, promising their chief 
to bring them safely back. 

His wife and children were then in England, and he 
knew that he could get no letter from them in many weeks ; 
that he should see no white people on the way, and that 
he might never reach his journey's end; but he felt that 
he must open a pathway across the continent. For seven 
months Livingstone and his black followers pushed on. 
Thirty times he was ill with fever, and many times they 
were hungry ; but at last they reached the town of St. Paul 
de Loando, poor, ragged, and nearly starved. There the 

27 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

brave leader found friendly Englishmen to care for him. 
One gave him clothes and another took him home and put 
him into his own bed. Livingstone said that he could 
never forget how good that bed felt after sleeping on the 
ground so long. 

He had been hoping for news from England, but found 
no letters waiting for him. You may imagine, when he 
saw an English ship ready to sail, and was offered a free 
passage in it, how much he wanted to go. But there was 
his promise to the black chief to bring his men safe home. 
They trusted him and he must keep his word. So he gave 
his maps and reports to the captain and watched the vessel 
sail away without him. The vessel was wrecked on the way 
to England and all his valuable papers were lost. This 
delayed him for several weeks, for they had all to be writ- 
ten over again. 

When they were finished, he started back for the East 
Coast, and it took him two years to get there. The natives 
along the way learned to feel affection and gratitude for 
the kindly, gentle teacher, who spoke words of peace and 
good-will, and was always ready to turn aside to help 
them if they were sick or in trouble. One night he walked 
ten miles through the tangled woods to help a man who had 
been terribly torn by a rhinoceros. By the time he reached 
the coast he was the best loved man in Africa, and later 
travellers have told how the mention of the name of Liv- 
ingstone always brought a friendly smile to the dark faces. 

He made two visits to England and wrote a book about 
his travels, in order to get people to help his work. His 
great desire was to see the slave trade stopped, and he 
wrote and talked and worked for it until he died. 

28 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

After his second visit he went so far into the interior 
of Africa that no news came from him for three years. 
An American, named Henry M. Stanley, went with a 
whole caravan of supplies to look for him. After a search 
of nearly a year, he heard that a white man had been seen 
some miles further on, and he knew that he had found 
Livingstone at last. 

Meanwhile Livingstone had come back to the place 
where he had left his supplies. He was even more ragged 
and starved and ill than he had been on the West Coast, 
and hastened to get clothes and food and medicines. I am 
sure that even his brave heart must have sunk when he 
found that everything had been stolen. What was he to 
do now ? 

Then he heard drums beating and men shouting, and 
presently he saw flags flying, and Stanley walking up to 
him with uncovered head and hand stretched out to greet 
him. 

Stanley had all the things he needed, and I like to 
think of what it meant to the lonely explorer to hear what 
was going on in the world, and to read his home letters, 
and enjoy the companionship of a man of his own race. 

Stanley stayed with him for several months and became 
greatly interested in his work. He tried to persuade the 
brave old man to go back with him, but he refused to leave. 
In Stanley's book we read of their parting, how Stanley 
looked back and waved his handkerchief and how Living- 
stone lifted his cap in farewell, and turning, went slowly 
back to his lonely hut. 

He never saw a white man again, but lived and worked 
a year longer for the black people whom he loved, growing 

29 



Torchhearers on the King's Highway. 

all the time weaker and more ill, until one morning they 
found him dead, on his knees, in his little hut. 

And now comes a wonderful proof of their love. They 
wanted his body to go back to his own people, so they took 
out his heart and buried it under a tree, then dried the 
body in the sun, wrapped it in cloth, hung it on poles, and 
carried it on their shoulders to Zanzibar, a journey of nine 
months. From there a ship carried it to England, where 
it rests in Westminster Abbey, among England's greatest 
men. 

His discoveries have made his name famous as an ex- 
plorer, but we must remember that the motive for all his 
great work was his desire to spread the light of the Gospel 
on the dark continent of Africa. 



30 



Buying a Road with his Life 

JAMES HANNINGTOK 

1847-1885. 

James Hannington was an Englishman whose name is 
on the list of noble missionary martyrs. Though his life 
was short, he accomplished much in clearing the way for 
those who came after him, as well as by showing the world 
how brave and strong a soldier of the Cross can be. 

As a boy he was full of fun and always in some 
mischief. But he was at the same time truthful and 
brave, a boy to be trusted. Therefore, it is not strange that 
he was a great favorite with his teachers as well as with 
the other boys. He travelled about Europe a great deal 
with his parents and made collections of interesting things 
which he found. This gave him a taste for exploring. 

After he grew up he became a clergyman, and served 
in two parishes, where he did much to help the poor peo- 
ple. In the first he was curate, but the second, where he 
had charge of the parish, was in his own home village. 

After he had been there several years he began to think 
a good deal about missions, and as he read about Living- 
stone and Mackay and other people working in Africa, he 
at last decided to offer himself for the work. His family 
and his parish felt very sad about letting him go, so he 
volunteered for only five years. It was hard for him to 
say good-bye, especially to his wife and little children, but 
he started bravely off. 

He reached the coast of Africa in June, 1882, and at 
once set about preparing a caravan for his journey to Lake 
Xyanza. This journey was a terrible one, for the climate 
gives one fever, and the savages along the route demand 

31 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

payment in beads, cloth, mirrors, or other trinkets for 
everything they furnish, either food or labor. Sometimes 
the party had to go two or three days without water, and 
often they were very hungry. 

He was such a brave and skilful hunter, often shooting 
a lion or a rhinoceros or a hippopotamus, that the people 
admired and feared him. He was at the same time so 
kind and gentle that even the little boy who was his ser- 
vant loved him. In one place the native women showed 
him honor by dancing before him, and he returned the 
compliment by showing them an English doll and its gar- 
ments, which he took off for them to see. This pleased 
the women very much. 

It was seven long and painful months before they 
reached Lake Nyanza, for the dreadful African fever ex- 
hausted their strength, wild beasts and warlike natives 
opposed their progress, and once for many days a serious 
illness threatened Hannington^s life. On much of the way 
he was too ill to walk, but even when he had to be carried, 
he pushed on with great courage. 

Christmas Day found them sheltered from the rains of 
the wet season in huts which they had been obliged to build, 
with mosquitoes swarming and lions roaring about them, 
deserted by many of their native porters, short of supplies, 
and weak with fever. That day he wrote in his diary: 
"Gordon very ill in bed. Ashe and Wise tottering out of 
fever-beds. I myself just about to totter in again. In spite 
of our poor condition, we determined to have our Christ- 
mas cheer. We had a happy celebration of the Holy Com- 
munion, and thought much of the dear ones at home, 
praying for us and wishing us true Christmas joy." 

Meantime, Mr. Ashe had written to the Missionary 

32 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Society that if Hannington should be still living by the 
time they received the letter, he ought to be recalled, as 
he was too ill to remain. So after they reached Masalala 
the brave leader gave up the command to Mr. Ashe, and, 
saddened by the sense of failure, started on the long and 
painful journey to the coast. His body was so swollen 
and tortured by rheumatism that every movement was pain- 
ful, and as he had to be carried in a hammock by porters 
over rough ground, often through unfriendly tribes, it 
seemed doubtful if he would live to reach Zanzibar. In- 
deed he was twice left on the roadside for dead, but re- 
vived and started on again. 

He did reach home safely, however, and settled into 
his old place in his parish as though he had never left it, 
gradually regaining his health, until at the end of a year 
he was once more quite well. At that time it was decided 
to consecrate a Bishop for Eastern Equatorial Africa, and 
all agreed that James Hannington was the best man for 
the work. 

Starting for Africa immediately after his consecration, 
he stopped on the way to visit the Church in Jerusalem, 
and on reaching Prere Town, he began at once to look over 
all the mission stations to learn how he could best help the 
missionaries in their work. 

At one time he conducted a relief party across the des- 
ert for two hundred miles, to a mission station where the 
people were starving. He found the land barren and unfit 
to live upon, and moved the whole station to a better place. 
He started to join Mackay at Uganda and decided to try 
to make a northern road which was shorter and much more 
free from fever. He had not heard that the king of 
Uganda had given orders than any white man coming into 

33 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

that country from the north, which they called the back 
door, was to be arrested and killed. Hannington, however, 
realizing that there might be some danger, left most of his 
party in camp and pushed on with only fifty men. 

From his diary, which was recovered and sent to his 
people, we learn what happened in those last days, of the 
difficulty in getting food, of their being taken as prisoners 
and kept in separate huts, and of their cruel sufferings 
during the week of torture. The men who escaped told 
the end of the story, how they heard him say, "I am about 
to die for the natives, but I have purchased the road with 
my life, and I commend my soul to God," and how he was 
speared to death, together with thirteen of his men. This 
was in October, 1885, and it was the following January 
before the news reached England. 

The early death of this martyr Bishop was a sad loss 
to the Missionary Society, but his bravery, high courage, 
and kindness have been an inspiration to many people, and 
the work for which he gave his life has gone on with won- 
derful success. 



34 



The White Man of Work 

ALEXANDER M. MACKAY. 

1849-1890. 

While Livingstone was doing his splendid work in 
Africa, a boy was growing up in England who was by and 
by to take a place in the line of great missionaries. This 
boy was Alexander M. Mackay, the son of a minister, who 
taught his boy much about geography, and often stopped, 
when they went for a walk together, to draw maps for him 
upon the ground. 

The boy specially delighted in machinery, and often 
spent his holidays visiting the foundry or looking over the 
locomotives on a neighboring railway. When he grew up 
he became a mechanical engineer, studying surveying, 
chemistry, and geology, besides inventing an agricultural 
machine which took a prize at an exhibition. 

Always fond of reading about heroes, the life of Bishop 
Patteson gave him much to think about. Soon after he 
read in a Church paper a letter which Stanley had sent 
from Africa, telling about a native king who had asked 
for a missionary to come and teach his people. Mackay 
said to himself, "We hear of medical missionaries and 
missionary teachers; why cannot I be an engineering mis- 
sionary and go to Africa to teach the people how to make 
roads and use machinery, as well as to know and serve 
God?" That very night he wrote and offered himself to 
the English Church Missionary Society, and was appointed 
as an industrial missionary to Africa. 

And now for his outfit. Just think of all the things 
he needed to take — clothes and food for his party for at 
least two years, all kinds of tools and machinery, nails, 

35 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

screws, medicines, a printing press and type, paper, and 
last of all a small steamboat and engine, which could be 
carried in sections and put together when they reached the 
end of the journey. 

In 1876 he sailed from England, with seven other 
missionaries; but it was two years later when he at last 
saw the waters of Lake Nyanza, and those two years were 
full of exciting adventure. Two of his party, who had gone 
ahead with his outfit, had been murdered by natives, and 
he was obliged to go alone to talk to the chief about it. 
When he reached the place, he found his things in a con- 
fused heap, and had to sort them out before he could even 
put his engine together. After ten days of hard work they 
got the boat ready and then, after sailing four days, she 
was wrecked and had to be made over, a task which took 
eight weeks to accomplish. 

The natives were much interested in his work and 
tools, and thought him a wonderful man. His grindstone 
especially interested them, as did also the cart that he 
made and painted red, white, and blue. When he dug a 
well, and they saw him draw up water from it, they could 
scarcely believe their eyes, and when later he set up his 
printing press and taught them to read, they said he 
charmed the paper so it could talk. They called him the 
"White Man of Work," because he was always so busy. 

He taught them about God also, and urged them to 
give up their heathen ways. The people, for example, all 
wore charms to keep them from harm. Mackay taught 
them, by an object lesson, that it was God alone who could 
do this. He bought one of the charms and showed it to 
them. Then he held a burning glass over it until it took 
fire and burned up. "See," said he, "this charm has no 

36 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

power. It cannot keep itself from harm; how, then, can 
it protect you ?" 

After a time the native king died, and his son, who was 
a hard man and cruel, persecuted the missionaries and the 
native Christians and put many of the latter to death. 
Most of Mackay' s pupils remained faithful, even through 
these hard times, but after facing peril bravely for a long 
time, Mackay himself was finally forced, by order of the 
king, to leave Uganda. 

After wandering about for a time he found a friendly 
chief and began his work again, teaching, translating, 
printing, bookbinding, building, and doctoring. Stanley 
visited him and urged him to return with him to England ; 
but, like Livingstone, Mackay refused to leave his post. 

Fourteen years this brave man gave to Africa, years 
full of labor, of many hardships, and frequent discourage- 
ments, and then he died of fever. The native boys, who 
were his Christian pupils, stood about his grave, together 
with his fellow-missionary, who tried to read the Burial 
Office, and when the voice of the reader failed and broke, 
the boys finished the service by singing in the native 
tongue, "All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name." The peo- 
ple loved him, the missionaries who worked with him loved 
him, and Stanley gave him high praise when he called him 
the "best missionary since Livingstone." 



37 



The Master of the "Southern Cross" 

JOHN COLEEIDGE PATTESON. 

1827-1871. 

Away off on the other side of the world you will find, 
if you will look at the map of Australia, a very large island 
called New Zealand, and, north of it, a number of smaller 
ones. Fifty years ago the people who lived on these small 
islands belonged to savage tribes who often went to war 
with each other. A good and brave Englishman, named 
Selwyn, was Bishop of New Zealand, and he tried to carry 
the Gospel to these savage tribes also. Sometimes he went 
to England to ask for men and money to help in this work. 
On one of these visits the story of his mission fired the 
heart of a boy of fourteen who was listening, and who went 
home and told his mother that it was "the one grand wish 
of his heart to go with the Bishop." 

We must stop and get acquainted with that boy, for he 
is well worth knowing. The son of a judge, he had been 
brought up in a home of luxury and culture, with the finest 
training of an English gentleman. He was big and strong 
and brave and full of fun, so that he was a great favorite 
with the boys at school. They made him captain of their 
cricket team, and he could swim and row a boat with the 
best of them. He seems to have had great influence with 
them, too, for the story is told that once when some boys 
were singing a vulgar song he made them stop, and threat- 
ened to leave the cricket team unless they apologized, 
w r hich they made haste to do. 

This boy was John Coleridge Patteson, whose name you 
will often hear when people are talking of heroes. 

38 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Mrs. Patteson had told him that if when he became a 
man he should still wish to join Bishop Selwyn, she would 
give him her blessing; but that good and loving mother 
did not live to see her boy grow up, though her influence 
doubtless had much to do with his character. 

He became a clergyman, and, since his father was grow- 
ing somewhat feeble, he decided to settle in a parish near 
his home. 

After he had been there a year, however, Bishop Sel- 
wyn came again to plead for aid for his island mission, 
and again the young man's heart responded to the call. 
After much earnest thought and many long talks with the 
Bishop, he decided to give himself to the work, provided 
his father gave his consent. The father must have been 
a good deal of a hero himself, for though at first he said, 
"I cannot let him go I" his second thought was, "I may not 
live long, and it is selfish to keep him." So it was settled, 
much to the grief of his parish and his friends, and when 
Bishop Selwyn sailed for New Zealand, Coleridge Patteson 
sailed with him. 

It was a long voyage, but the time was not wasted, for 
the young missionary learned the Maori language, so that 
he was able to preach to the natives. He also learned from 
the captain how to sail a ship. This was a great help to 
him later, because he used a mission vessel, named the 
"Southern Cross," to go from island to island, visiting the 
native tribes. 

Think of these two missionaries, Bishop Selwyn and 
Coleridge Patteson, sailing up to a strange island, and when 
they had come as close to shore as they could, taking off 
their coats, and with their gifts for the chief fastened safely 
upon their backs, plunging into the surf to swim ashore. 

39 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

One can fancy them rubbing noses with the chief, after the 
native fashion, presenting their gifts, and after making 
friends, offering to take some of the native boys to be 
taught in the Bishop's school. 

When the school term was over the mission boat would 
come sailing back to the island, bringing the boys home 
again, all eager to tell their people the wonderful new 
things which had been taught them. 

For five years young Patteson worked on under Bishop 
Selwyn, until it came about that the islands needed a 
Bishop's entire care, when they were made into a diocese 
by themselves, and called Melanesia, with Patteson as the 
first Bishop. He started a school of his own and fairly 
lived among his boys, who loved him dearly. He wrote 
that he often slept on a cocoa mat with his coat rolled up 
for a pillow, and with forty or fifty boys around him. One 
day a schoolboy fell ill and died, in spite of the Bishop's 
care and nursing. He belonged to an island where Bishop 
Patteson did not know the language very well, but like the 
brave man he was, the Bishop went there just the same, to 
carry the sad news. He had to tell the story partly by 
signs, so he took a child who stood near, and laying him on 
the ground, kissed him to express his love. Next he gasped 
and closed his eyes to show the boy's illness and death, and 
then wept over the child that they might see how sorry he 
was. At first they seemed angry, but when they saw his 
tears, they said: "You did all you could, Bishop; it is 
well!" 

Eealizing the need of Christian homes, he took some 
girls and started a school to train them into wives for his 
young men. The work grew and prospered and his boys 
became missionaries themselves on their several islands. 

40 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Ten years he carried on his noble work, and then a 
dreadful thing happened. He had been hearing about 
some white men who had come to the islands in ships, pre- 
tending to be friends, and sometimes even saying the 
Bishop had sent them. They had enticed the natives on 
board, then shut them up and sailed off with them to the 
English settlements, where they needed more laborers than 
they could get. The "snatch-snatch" vessels, as they were 
called, had taken five men from the island of Nukapu, 
though Patteson and his friends did not know it. The poor, 
ignorant natives did not realize that there was any differ- 
ence between good white men and wicked ones. They 
thought a white man was a white man; that what one did 
they all did, and naturally did not feel friendly to any of 
them. However, Bishop Patteson had many times looked 
fearlessly into the face of a man who was aiming an arrow 
at him, and by his very courage had saved his own life; 
and so he went bravely to Nukapu on the "Southern Cross" 
with several of his devoted young men. 

As they neared the shore, he got into the ship's boat 
with some of the young men, and when they came to a reef 
which they could not cross, some natives came out in a 
canoe, took the Bishop and carried him on shore. As his 
men rowed back to the ship a shower of poisoned arrows 
struck them, and they began to fear treachery. For sev- 
eral hours they watched anxiously for the Bishop, until 
in the afternoon they saw two canoes start out, and soon 
they saw one canoe cast off the other and go back. In the 
one drifting toward them was something covered with a 
mat. At first they thought someone was hiding under the 
mat to shoot them; then they saw the Bishop's boots. As 

41 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

the canoe reached them they lifted its burden, all rolled in 
matting, up to the deck, and turned back the covering. 

There lay the body of their dear friend, his calm, still 
face smiling up at them. On the body were five wounds, 
and over the breast lay a big palm leaf with five knots 
tied in it. This made it seem certain that the deed was to 
avenge the five men who had been carried off. 

Gently and reverently his boys prepared for his burial 
in the sea, and the solemn words of the Burial Office were 
read over him by one of them, who knew even as he read 
the words that he was himself dying from the poison of 
the arrows, yet was glad that almost with his last breath 
he could do the last thing possible for the man they loved 
so well. 



42 



The Machinery of Missions 

The story of missions really begins with the day when 
our Lord, just before He was taken from their sight, gave 
to His disciples His last commission. As we read the 
closing verses of S. Matthew's Gospel, let us look for three 
points in regard to that commission: its authority, its ex- 
tent as to time and distance, and its equipment. 

"And Jesus spake unto them, saying, 'All power is 
given unto me in heaven and earth. Go ye, therefore, and 
teach all nations .... and lo, I am with you alway, even 
unto the end of the world/ " 

If we trace the principal links in the chain which con- 
nects the present work of our own branch of the great 
Church Catholic with that group of disciples gathered in 
Jerusalem, we find — 

The Apostolic Church in Jerusalem, A. D. 30. 

S. John and S. Paul in Ephesus, A. D. 50 to 100. 

S. Irenaeus in Gaul, A. D. 177. 

The missionary who first carried the Gospel to Britain 
is unknown, but we find a church there in A. D. 200, and 
cherish the name of St. Alban as the first British Christian 
martyr. 

When the English came to Jamestown in 1607, the 
Eev. Eobert Hunt came with them to hold the first perma- 
nent Church services in the new world. 

Bishop Kemper went out into his great Western field 
in 1835, and the same year our Church in America began 
its work in foreign lands. 

Our own ideal of a missionary society is this: that it 
is identical with the Church, and that each member of the 
Church has become, by virtue of his baptism, a member of 

43 



Torclibearers on the King's Highway. 

the Missionary Society as well. But as this Society must 
be a legal corporation in order to hold and administer 
property and funds, its title in law is "The Domestic and 
Foreign Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in the United States of America." 

It has a legislative body, the Board of Missions, which 
is virtually the legislative body of the Church, the General 
Convention. At the Triennial Meetings of the General 
Convention certain days are set apart on which the Con- 
vention sits as the Board of Missions. 

But the business of missions cannot wait three years 
for the Convention, and so a Board of Managers is elected 
by that body and consists of the Presiding Bishop and fif- 
teen other Bishops, fifteen priests, and fifteen laymen. 
This Board of Managers meets in New York on the second 
Tuesday of each month. It receives and disburses all 
money, makes appropriation for the different fields, ap- 
points foreign missionaries, and confirms appointments in 
domestic fields. 

The Spirit of Missions is a monthly magazine published 
by the Board, containing interesting accounts of the work 
in various parts of the world. The Board also publishes 
the Young Christian Soldier, and numerous leaflets. 

The headquarters of the Board are at the Church Mis- 
sions House on Fourth Avenue, New York. This building 
deserves a word in passing. It was built, not out of funds 
given for mission work, but by special gifts made for that 
specific purpose amounting to $400,000. Sufficient space 
is rented for stores and offices to provide for all running 
expenses, and leave a balance of several thousand dollars 
each year. In this busy place a corps of bookkeepers and 
clerks keeps all the vast business of the Board in the most 

44 



Torclibearers on the King's Highway. 

up-to-date order, and two facts speak volumes for the effi- 
ciency of their methods. One is that it costs only about 
6 cents out of every dollar for administration expenses, 
and the other, that the credit of the Board is as good in 
any part of the world as that of any banking house. 

Here are also the offices of the Treasurer and General 
Secretary, and the Associate, Corresponding, and Educa- 
tional Secretaries. 

In the Chapel are held special services of farewell for 
departing missionaries, and also the daily noon-day prayers 
for missions. 

Here, also, are represented the helpers of the Board, 
the Woman's Auxiliary, a mighty organization, with 
branches in all our dioceses and missionary districts, which 
contributes many thousands a year to the work ; its Junior 
Department, which is intended to be the great feeder to the 
older Society, and the Sunday School Auxiliary, composed 
of all the Schools contributing to the great Lenten offering. 

By applying to the Church Missions House, one may 
obtain leaflets and other publications of the Board, giving 
information as to the various fields of work. 



45 



Machinery of Missions 



And Jesus spake unto them sayings "All power is given 
unto me in Heaven and in Earth; go ye, therefore, and 
teach all nations . . . and lo, I am with you alway, even 
unto the end of the world" (St. Matt. 28: 19, 20). 



The 
Commission 

Go Ye 



The 

Missionary 

Message 

was 
Carried 



Authority 



/All power is given unto me in Heaven and 
li 



Lin Earth 



Extent as 

to distance (All Nations 

and time (Unto the end of the World 

Equipment \ I am with you alway 

In Jerusalem, A.D. 30, by the Apostles 

To Ephesus, A.D. 100, by St. John and St. Paul 

To Gaul, A.D. 177, by St. Irenaeus 

To Britain, A.D. 200, by some missionary unknown 

To Virginia, A.D. 1607, by Robert Hunt 

To the great Northwest, A.D. 1835, by Bishop Kemper 



THE MISSIONARY ORGANIZATION OF OUR OWN CHURCH. 



The 

Missionary 

Society 

is 

the 

Church 

and 

Every 

Baptized 

Person 

is a 
Member 



Legal title for 
holding and ad 
ministering 
property 

Legis- ( General 
lative ■< Conven- 
Body ( tion 



-I 



The Domestic and Foreign Mis- 



the 



sionary Society of the Protes- 
tant Episcopal Church in 



t United States of America. 

j All the Bishops, and clerical and 
•< lay deputies from each diocese 
f and missionary district. 



- ( Board f 
< of Mis- { 
[ sions 



Execu- ( Board 
tive < of Mis- 
Body ( sions 



Presiding Bishop 
15 other Bishops 
15 priests 
15 laymen 



( Meets in New 
J York each month 
j at the expense 
t of members 



f h ( General Secretary, Treasurer, Associate 
AffiT.™ "i Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, and 
umceis (Educational Secretary 

Head- j The Church Missions House, 
quarters 1 281 Fourth Avenue, New York City 

Adminis 
tration 
Expenses 

( American Church Missionary Society 
Helpers < Woman's Auxiliary and its Junior Department 
( The Sunday School Auxiliary 

46 



-< About 6 per cent of money contributed 



Appendix A 

TOPICS FOR REVIEW. 

Robert Hunt. 

died in 1610. 

The three ships, and where they were going. 

Two of the men on board. 

Why Rev. Robert Hunt joined the party, and what kind of 

man he was. 
What were the first things they did in their new home ? 
How Pocahontas became their friend. 
The "Starving Time." 

Samuel Adjai Crowther. 

1808-1891. 

African village where little Adjai lived. 

The sad thing that happened to the family. 

The rescue from the slave ship. 

His school days, and his desire to help his people. 

Finding his mother. 

His good work as a missionary. 

His consecration a^ first Bishop of the Niger. 

William Jones Boone. 

1811-1864. 

His desire to go to China and his preparation for his work. 

Difficulties in his way. 

His appointment as Bishop of China. 

Wong, the Chinese lad. 

Trials of the missionaries. 

Bishop Boone's death. 

47 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Samuel Isaac Joseph Schereschewsky. 
1831-1906. 
His boyhood and youth. 
His education for a rabbi. 

His becoming a Christian, and coming to America. 
His work in China under Bishop Boone. 
His translation of the Bible into Mandarin Chinese. 
How he became Bishop of China. 
St. John's College, Shanghai. 
Why he resigned, but kept on as a missionary. 
His Wenli translation of the Bible. 
Jackson Kemper. 
1789-1870. 
His early life. 

Condition of this country when his work began. 
His missionary journeys. 

His work as Missionary Bishop, and its hardships. 
Size of his jurisdiction, and the six dioceses formed 

from it. 
His resignation at the age of seventy. 
The last ten years of his life as Bishop of Wisconsin. 
Henry Benjamin Whipple. 
1822-1901. 
First Bishop of Minnesota. 
Drives over the prairies to visit his people. 
Help for the Indians from government. 
Tried to get Indians to keep the laws. 
The man who "did not have a forked tongue." 
Enmegahbowh. 

His schools and his Indian pupils. 
The boy in a blanket. 
The lace schools. 

48 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Peter Trimble Kowe. 
born" 1856. 
Preparation for Alaska. 
Why the miners needed him. 
Why the Indians needed him. 
Why they respect and love him. 
Why the Bishop stays in Alaska. 
What the Bishop needs. 

David Livingstone. 
1813-1873. 

The boy Livingstone and what he learned about Africa. 

His preparation and supplies. 

His adventures and brave deeds. 

His journey to the West Coast. 

His journey back to the East Coast. 

Stanley's visit and its cause. 

Livingstone's death and what the natives did. 

James Hantnington. 

1847-1885. 
Hannington as a boy. 
His work in his parish and why he left it. 
His journey to Lake Nyanza. 
His illness and return to England. 
His second journey to Africa after he became Bishop of 

Eastern Equatorial Africa. 
How he met death bravely. 

Alexander M. Mackay. 
1849-1890. 
Mackay's tastes when a boy. 
What he did when he was a man. 

49 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Stanley's letter and what he did about it. 
His outfit, adventures, and work. 
Persecution under the new king. 
His death and burial. 
What Stanley said of him. 

John Coleridge Pattesost. 
1827-1871. 
Patteson's school days. 
Bishop Selwyn's visit and what it led to. 
The voyage to New Zealand. 

How the missionaries made friends with the islanders. 
What Patteson did after he became Bishop of Melanesia. 
His death on the island of Nukapu and what his boys did 
to show their love. 



50 



Appendix B 



SUGGESTIONS TO TEACHEES. 

The Subject of the Lessons and Their Preparation-. 

Teachers are realizing more and more that children 
are taught by a concrete personality far better than by ab- 
stract facts and principles. 

When a character in history or literature becomes a liv- 
ing person to the child's imagination, that person teaches 
his own lesson. If a boy can be made to hear Livingstone 
refusing the offer of a free passage to England because 
he had given his word to the native chief, no words are 
needed to teach the sacredness of a promise. 

Between the ages of ten or twelve and sixteen, chil- 
dren's tastes lean to the heroic and they delight in tales 
of adventure and brave deeds. Once let them realize that 
missionary history contains this element, and the books 
in our libraries on missionary heroes will be as much in 
demand as those of Henty or Alger. 

Unfortunately the number of such books for children 
is at present small, but it is growing. How can the Sun- 
day School teachers and leaders of children's societies 
create a demand for the literature of missions ? 

Methods must, of course, vary with conditions; but a 
few suggestions may not come amiss to teachers to whom 
this sort of class will be a new departure. 

Of course the most important point is to have the 
teacher's preparation as thorough as possible. Therefore, 
read all the reference books available. Your hero must be 
real to you if you are to make him real to your class. In 
this, as in all teaching, we need to know much more than 
we intend to tell to our pupils. 

51 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Then decide on the three or four important facts which 
the children ought to remember, and be sure that they are 
well brought out — the name of the missionary, his field, 
kind of work; that is, whether translating, teaching, in- 
dustrial, or simply preaching ; and his motive or the special 
thing that influenced him. 

For the rest, make him real from a child's point of 
view, remembering that the incidents, perhaps unimpor- 
tant to us, which bring to the childish mind a real human 
boy are the ones that he remembers. For example, in one 
class, nearly every child mentioned the maps which 
Mackay's father drew for him on the ground (something 
on the plane of their own' experience), while the spiritual 
influences which led up to his offer of himself for Africa 
would have meant little or nothing to them. 

Teaching the Lesson. 

A description of the method under which the present 
course has been worked out in the graded school of St. 
Stephen's Church, Lynn, Massachusetts, will furnish sug- 
gestions to rectors and Sunday School superintendents, 
and will also enable teachers dealing with single groups of 
children to select the form of teaching best adapted to the 
age of the children they teach. 

In this Sunday School the subject of missions has a 
special teacher, who goes from grade to grade as a teacher 
of music or drawing does in the public schools. All the 
classes of one grade are brought together each half year, 
for two consecutive Sundays. The lesson is given in a 
fifteen-minute period at the beginning or end of the ses- 
sion. Sometimes the story is read to the children, enlarg- 
ing a little on special points, but they usually give better 

52 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

and more interested attention when it is told without the 
book, and somewhat conversationally. 

The stories are arranged according to the age of the 
children for whom they are more easily adapted, begin- 
ning with the youngest. The subject studied in local 
public schools, which would make a setting for the mis- 
sionary story, was considered in this arrangement. The 
order can be re-arranged when necessary in order to take 
most advantage of the lessons given in the day school. 

When the stories are told in consecutive weeks, the 
arrangement in order of simplicity still has advantages, 
but the chronological or the dramatic order can be adopted 
if desired. 

Reviewing the Previous Lesson. 

1. For Primary Class Eeviews. Children 8 to 10 
years. The story of the previous lesson was read or told 
with an introduction, telling what its main points would be 
and asking the children to listen and watch for them in the 
story. 

2. For Eeviewing the Main School. Children 10 to 
16 years. Notebooks were used in which the pupils wrote 
the topics from dictation in the class session, in order that 
they might write the detailed story in their notebooks at 
home. Then, to interest the pupils in this home work, it 
was discussed with them in class. Supposing the lesson to 
have been on Mackay and the topics to have been already 
copied, the discussion would have been somewhat as fol- 
lows: 

"I want you to write this story for me at home, in 
these books. At the top of the page put Mackay' s name 
and below it the dates of his birth and death. Leave a line 
and begin your story. If you cannot think what to write, 

53 



Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

look at your first topic — Mackay's tastes when a boy. 
What do you know about that? 'Oh, yes, I remember he 
liked geography, and his father talked with him about it. 
He was fond of machinery, etc., etc/ When you have written 
all you can about that, look at the next topic — his profes- 
sion as a man. 'Oh, yes, he was a mechanical engineer, 
with a good position, and invented a machine/ Then the 
next one — Stanley's letter. 'Yes, I remember, Stanley 
asked for a teacher, etc., etc/ " And so on until the story 
has been entirely retold by the topics. 

The children then take the notebooks home to write 
their version of it, returning them to the teacher for cor- 
rection. And, by the way, this work of correcting is most 
illuminating, for by it one sees each incorrect impression 
given, each fact not clearly put, reflected as in a mirror. 
But one also sees — and this is compensation — how in some 
young heart nobleness has "enkindled nobleness/' 

Following up Impressions. 

Before closing the lesson, the teacher suggests a book 
which will tell more about the hero in question, and tells 
them where to find it. See that such books are in your 
Sunday School library or your public reading room. 

After the children have become interested in a man, 
it is easy to point out that Lenten money and birthday 
offerings are making them co-workers in the field in which 
he labored, or helping other heroes to become torch-bearers. 



54 



Appendix C 



REFERENCE BOOKS FOR TEACHERS. 
Hunt : 

Three Hundred Years of the Episcopal Church in America. 

Hodges. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia 25 

Old Virginia and Her Neighbors. Fiske 

Crowther : 

Great Missionaries of the Church. Creegan. Crowell 

& Co Cloth .75 

Bishop Crowther. C. M. P. C 10 

Samuel Crowther. Page. Revell & Co 50 

Whipple : 

Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate. Whipple. 

Macmillan & Co 2.50 

Servants of the King. Speer. Young People's Missionary 

Movement. Paper, .35 Cloth .50 

Rowe : 

See Articles in the Church Papers and in the Spirit of 
Missions and other Publications of the Domestic and 

Foreign Missionary Society. New York City 

Boone : 

American Episcopal Church in China. Richmond. Do- 
mestic and Foreign Missionary Society. Paper. 50, cloth .75 

SCHERESCHEWSKY : 

American Episcopal Church in China. Richmond (as 

above ) . 
American Bible Society, Report for 1907. Bible House, 

New York 

Livingstone : 

Great Missionaries of the Church. Creegan. Crowell & Co. .75 
Modern Heroes of the Mission Field. Walsh. (Chapter 

X.) Whittaker 1.00 

Effective Workers in Needy Fields. Student Volunteer 

Movement, New York. Paper .35 Cloth .50 

Mackay : 

Great Missionaries of the Church. Creegan. Crowell & Co. .75 

Mackay of Uganda. By his Sister. Revell & Co 1.50 

Patteson : 

Modern Heroes of the Mission Field. Walsh. (Chapter 

XI.) Whittaker 1.00 

A Modern Knight. Twitchell. Order through Domestic 

and Foreign Missionary Society 10 

55 



TO. 






Torchbearers on the King's Highway. 

Hannington : 

James Hannington. E. C. Dawson. Jacobs & Co 1.00 

Bishop Hannington. C. M. P. C 

Kemper : 

An Apostle of the Western Church. White. Whittaker 1.50 
Three Hundred Years of the Episcopal Church in America 

( as above ) 

Some American Churchmen. By F. C. Morehouse. The 

Young Churchman Co., Milwaukee, Wis 1.00 



Appendix D 



SUPPLEMENTARY READING FOR CHILDREN. 

Livingstone: 

The Story of David Livingstone. Vautier Golding. Edited 

by John Lang. E. P. Dutton & Co 50 

Mackay : 

Mackay of Uganda. By his Sister. Armstrong. Cloth 1.00 
Uganda's White Man of Work. Fahs. Y. P. M. M., New 

York. Paper .35 Cloth .50 

PATTESON : 

Story of Bishop Patteson. Paget. Edited by John Lang. 

E. P. Dutton 50 

Children's Heroes Series 

Hannington, Livingstone, Patteson, Mackay: 

The Romance of Missionary Heroism. John C. Lambert. 

Lippincott 1.50 



56 



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